Biography:

Mohammad Salim Hossain, after being graduated in Pharmacy from University of Dhaka, obtained his PhD form Tottori University, Japan. Now he is a professor of Pharmacy at Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. Dr. Hossain has vast experiences in studing the biochemical and molecular regulation of adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation. He aims to explore the cross linking parameters between obesity and other related life style diseases. He also studying natural products for combating obesity and likned non cummunicable diseases.  

 

Abstract:

Alpha amylases are enzymes which hydrolyze dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are further converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Thus, alpha amylase acts as a key player in metabolic energy homeostasis. Hence, assessment of the activity of alpha amylase in metabolic disorders, such as in obesity and diabetes, is of interest. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate the role of alpha amylase in the pathological progression of obesity and diabetes and to elucidate the effect of trace mineral in controlling its activity. To implement the hypothesis, alpha amylase activity along with various biochemical markers such as glucose level, triglyceride, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein and creatinine level were assessed. In addition, an attempt was done to characterize the in-vitro modulation of alpha amylase activity by trace mineral (zinc). In obesity and diabetes, sufficient deviation was observed in the level of biochemical markers including blood glucose, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine and alpha amylase activity when compared with healthy participants. Alpha amylase activity found to be positively linked with body mass index (BMI). In addition, alpha amylase also showed a positive correlation with blood glucose level and duration of diabetes. Thus, it can be stated that alpha amylase can initiate a cross-link mechanism between BMI and blood glucose level facilitating the propensity of obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, alpha amylase also showed a significant positive correlation with CRP, an ideal inflammatory marker, suggesting an intricate role of alpha amylase on propagation of inflammation in obesity and diabetes. Serum creatinine also showed an insignificant positive link with alpha amylase activity in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, in-vitro serum fortification with zinc represents a significant inhibition on the activity of alpha amylase in obesity and diabetes. Thus, alpha amylase can be considered as a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes associated complications and supplementation of zinc trace mineral can be suggested to control this impetuous marker.

Biography:

Ping Zhou is a PhD candidate from the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College. Beijing, China. She is 28 years old. She majored in Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and main focus on the study of pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications and the protective effect of Panax notoginseng.

 

Abstract:

A growing evidence have proved that dysfunction of mitophagy in retinal microvascular endothelial cells is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is isolated from P. notoginseng and has many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties. However, its protective effects on DR and the underlying mechanism are still unknown. In the present study, we found that NGR1 could significantly attenuate DR in db/db mice, characterized by the reduced microaneurysm in the retina, and increased amplitudes of B-wave. NGR1 pretreatment also significantly inhibited apoptosis in RF/6A cell model of hyperglycemia, which were detected by TUNEL and Annexin V/PI staining. NGR1 markedly reduced the production of VEGF, remarkably augmented the level of PEDF and significantly suppressed oxidative stress and inflammation in RF/6A cells exposed to HG and the retinas of db/db mice. Moreover, the increased PINK1 and Parkin expression, the elevated LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, and the lessened p62/SQTSM1 expression were observed in NGR1-treated RF/6A cells exposed to HG and the retinas of NGR1-treated db/db mice. Furthermore, NGR1 pretreatment promoted TFEB nuclear translocation, which resulted in upregulation of LAMP-1 in RF/6A cells and the retinas of db/db mice. NGR1 pretreatment also increased co-localization of LAMP-1 and Tomm20 in RF/6A cells. Importantly, the knockdown of TFEB could abolish these protective effects of NGR1. In summary, these results demonstrated that NGR1 protected against DR via TFEB-dependent enhancement of mitophagy flux.

Biography:

Eun Jung, CHOI Dr. Ph.D is very popular in Busan as a “professional dieter” becuase she lost 20kgs in 2 years by lifestlye modification and is maintaining her BMI as 22 for 1 year.  She gave lecture at Korean Scociety for The Study of Obesity in 2016 about losing weight. She was on KNN TV talkshow on Jan 7, 2018 about diet and also wrote many newspaper articles. 

 

Abstract:

Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide and the biggest concern of public health. To the best of our knowledge, no randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating the effect of EMS on obesity or regional fat distribution have been performed. We hypothesized that EMS is an effective and safe treatment of man and woman with abdominal obesity so that EMS decrease WC or abdominal fat, increase abdominal muscle mass and improve biochemical markers. Therefore, we designed first RCT study to investigate EMS efficacy for 12-week program by comparing it with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). EMS group had a 5.1 ± 2.8cm decreased in WC while TENS group showed a 2.9 ± 3.3cm loss in WC after 12 weeks. In EMS group, WC declined more sharply in the latter half then in the first half of the study. Furthermore, when dividing participants in subgroups according to the degree of WC loss (less than 2 cm, 2 cm to 4 cm, and more than 4 cm), 70.0% of EMS group lost 4 cm more off of their WC while 46.7% of TENS group lost lesser than 2 cm of their WC. There was no difference between EMS and TENS in self-rated satisfaction scores at week 1  but there was significant difference at week 12 (3.3±0.7 vs. 3.7±0.7 p <0.05). In abdominal fat distribution and other metabolic and biochemical characteristics,  there were no differences between EMS and TENS groups throughout 12 weeks. However, fasting FFA levels were significantly higher in EMS than TENS group at week 12. All participants completed the protocol without adverse symptoms. No changes in CK, LDH, AST, ALT, and Cr were observed in both groups during the experimental period. Therefore, 12-week program of EMS significantly reduced the waist in abdominal obese adults with out side effects. Therefore EMS is an effective and safe treatment of man and woman with abdominal obesity.

Biography:

Shiny E.C. Kachhap ,a 28 year old Junior research fellow (JRF) is pursuing her  Ph.D. in Zoology with special interest in the use of natural zootherapeutic sources that are ethnobiologically used by tribal of Jharkhand, India and to establish the scientific significance of  medicines acquired from such sources so as to acknowledge the society about utilization of locally found species and encouraging the culture of such species that can financially support the farmers and culturers of the area. Attaining biopolymers from animal sources and determining their use is also her interest of study. With achievement of University topper and young scientist award she is presently an Assistant Professor and has been contributing in teaching for more than 2 years.

Abstract:

Obesity may be defined as a condition where overaccumulation of fat occurs in adipocytes that might have a negative effect on one’s health. Excess body weight due to uncontrolled eating habits leads to increased risk of many diseases. Treatment of obesity is very costly, therefore, the present society demands for medicines of natural origin that can cure, rather prevent obesity from developing. Chitosan is one such natural zootherapeutic medicine that is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods, crustaceans. Chitosan, a cationic biopolymer has affinity towards anionic fatty acids and does not allow them to get deposited in the body tissues and organs. In this experiment, Chitosan was extracted from carapace of Sartoriana spinigera , a locally found freshwater crab of Jharkhand, India. The obtained chitosan was characterized by FTIR and degree of deacetylation was found to be 78.53 %.20 albino rats were divided into 4 groups: Group A(normal diet),group B(High fat diet),group C(high fat diet+5% chitosan),group D(high fat diet +5% synthetic hypolipidemic drug).Parameters of body weight,liver weight and food intake in all groups were measured after 30 days. Statistical analysis by Student’s t test revealed that group C fed with chitosan showed lower body weight gain than group B at 1% significance.Statistical analysis also showed that average food intake of group C was least amongst all groups and was significantly lower than that of group B at 0.1%.The final liver weight of rats was also found to be significantly lower in group C than group B at 0.1% level. Ultrastructural studies of hepatocytes of different groups also confirmed that chitosan fed rats showed curing of pathological deformities observed in HFD fed rats.The findings confirm that Chitosan causes satiety and decreases body weight gain and liver weight,thereby preventing obesity. Thus, Chitosan extracted from Sartoriana spinigera should be encouraged as medicines against obesity.

Biography:

Lei Anne Carolino has her residency training program in Jose B. Lingad Memorial Regional Hospital. She is a Diplomate of the Philippine College of Physicians. She is currently continuing her fellowship training in Adult Nephrology at the University of Sto. Tomas Hospital.

 

Abstract:

Background: All-cause mortality is increased when the patients have a co-existing condition of obesity and underweight. Cohort studies claimed that higher Body Mass Index was a cohort risk associated with coronary heart disease, stroke, and respiratory disease mortality, while other chronic diseases can lead to weight loss. In the Philippines, there are no existing data regarding the association of BMI and all-cause mortality. 

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Jose B. Lingad Memorial Regional Hospital from September 2016 until September 2017. Analysis of BMI and mortality was done and logistic regression was performed to determine confounding variables. 

Results: There was a significant association between BMI and mortality wherein among the 700 cases, 26% were underweight, 26% overweight, and 21% pre-obese patients while in logistic regression, odds of mortality is higher patients who were obese class I, followed by obese type I, and underweight, and mortality risk is increased when the patients were cigarette smokers, with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with coronary artery disease, with pneumonia, and cerebrovascular disease. 

Conclusion: The patients’ BMI is associated with all-cause mortality. Furthermore, the risk of mortality is increased further by intervening factors of body mass index such patients’ life style and type of co-existing diseases. Mortality risk among underweight patients is increased by tobacco consumption as well as having related diseases such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia while obesity mortality risk could occur among those with concurrent coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease.

Biography:

Judith Waudo, professor for the Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics at Kenyatta University. She is also the Chief Advisor, Curriculum Review, Department of Foods, Nutrition and Dietetics, Chair, Departmental Centre of excellence in Foods and Nutrition Department.

Abstract:

Historically Kenya has been associated with the problem of under-nutrition. During past two decades Kenya has been struggling with the problem of double mal-nutrition namely under-nutrition and obesity. Nutrition in transition has escalated the problem of child obesity which stands at 24%. The main causes of obesity include consumption of fast and street foods which are high in fats and sugars, and   sedentary lifestyles. The cultural perception that being “fat is good “, is also a causative factor. The consequences of obesity thus include: high morbidity and mortality, poor self-image, high prevalence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Further, obesity is not currently covered by the Health Insurance Fund. In order to enhance resilience to obesity in children, one must begin early in life when children are forming their eating habits to instill good nutrition. The Ministry of Health has adopted WHO measures to reduce child obesity. These initiatives include: promotion of dietary diversity, promotion of intake of health foods, promotion of physical activity at an early age, monitoring of preconception and pregnancy weight, nutrition and physical activity in school age children and behavior change in weight management. The Kenyan new curriculum has responded to this problem of child obesity by including nutrition and physical activity as compulsory subjects starting at pre-pre-primary (age 3). The introduction of an annual Kenyan Nutrition and Physical Activity School Children Score Card since 2014 has had a positive impact on obesity reduction. These measures if implemented successfully will go a long way in solving the problem of child obesity.

Biography:

Hosea hariono attended the Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia and obtained his Bachelor of Medicine in 2015. Now he is currently working as a co-assistant doctors at Atma Jaya Hospital Indonesia, He hopes to finish medical school, possibly enter a residency program, and then begin his own research projects. 

Abstract:

Background. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with various complication. However, many of those with the disease are unaware of their condition eventually leading to inevitable complication. Among various types of diabetes, 90% suffers type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is the main contributing factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are two measurements often used to assess obesity. Both of these measurements have the potential to be a simple examination that could help to show the incidence of diabetes mellitus. 

Goals. Determining the relation of body mass index and waist circumference with the incidence of diabetes mellitus in elderly. 

Methods. Research is done cross sectionally by acquiring anthropometric and blood sugar measurements in the elderly community of GKI Serpong. 

Results. BMI have no meaningful relationship with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. WC have a meaningful relationship with the incidence of diabetes mellitus (p-value: 0.015, confidence interval: 95%). The cut-off point of WC is 85.25 cm with 63% sensitivity and 60% specificity. 

Conclusions. BMI have no meaningful relationship with the incidence of diabetes mellitus while WC have a meaningful relationship with the incidence of diabtes mellitus. 

Biography:

Emil Mukhamejanov, M.D., Professor in the biochemistry of nutrition. He has worked for 20 years at the Institute of nutrition in Almaty. In 1981, he travelled as an expert on nutrition to WHO obesity centres in the Netherlands, Britain, Sweden and Denmark. Developed metabolic model of the relationship between the exchange of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Participated in the development of dietary products for obesity.

 

Abstract:

Objective: The body has a number of idle energy-dependent metabolic cycles that contribute to the conservation of energy balance. The protein turnover increases with excess intake of calories and decreases with their deficiency, so it can contribute to maintaining the energy balance. Methods: The approach was to develop a model for establishing the key role of protein metabolism in coordinating the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Results: A model was developed for the relationship between proteins, fats and carbohydrates exchange. In the absorptive period, a decrease in protein synthesis with a protein deficit (low protein diet) leads to a reduction in glucose utilization, which is manifested by its increase in blood and an increase in the discharge of its carbon skeleton into lipids. On the contrary, on the high-protein diet the negative manifestations of the restriction of physical activity on the exchange of glucose and fats are smoothed out. In the post-absorptive period, proteins are the main supplier of the substrate for the process of gluconeogenesis, which is provided by the energy of fat oxidation, so fat oxidation increases on the high protein nutrition. This allowed us to offer a product for obesity diet therapy (Patent GB496119 January 22, 2014). Conclusion: Thus, protein metabolism plays a coordinating role in the mechanism of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and in order to increase the effectiveness of technology in the prevention and treatment of obesity, adequate substrate support of the protein synthesis process (quantity and quality).