14^th Global Obesity Meeting Oct 23-24, 2017 Dubai, UAE

The balance between calorie intake and energy expenditure determines a person's weight. A lack of energy balance most often causes overweight and obesity. Energy balance means that energy IN should be equal to energy OUT.Some hormone problems may cause overweight and obesity, such as underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), Cushing's syndrome, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Other causes include emotional factors, Lack of exercise, age, health conditions.

Worldwide, obesity’s health effects are deep and vast-and they have a real and lasting impact on communities, on nations, and most importantly, on individuals, today and across future. Overweight and obesity in adulthood and childhood is associated with many serious physiological, psychological, and social consequences. 

Childhood obesity is a condition where excess body fat has negative affects a child's health. Childhood obesity is troubling because the extra pounds often cause problems that were considered as adult problems — diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol.

Obesity is highly associated with various endocrine abnormalities that are characterized by hormonal imbalance and resistance. Some of these abnormalities are considered as causative factors for the development of obesity, whereas others are considered to be secondary effects of obesity and usually are restored after weight loss.Hormones play an important role in appetite, metabolism, body fat distribution and storage of excess energy in food as fats. 

Extra fat in the body may have harmful effects, like producing hormones and growth factors that affect the way our cells work. Fat cells can also attract immune cells to body tissues which release chemicals that cause long-lasting inflammation. This can raise the risk of several diseases including cancer. Obese people have chronic low-level or subacute unresolved inflammation, which has been associated with increased cancer risk.

Weight and diabetes are mutual to each other. Equivalent to the Center for Disease Control, of the general population who are determined to have Type II diabetes, between 80-90% are additionally analyzed as obese.Type II diabetes is a forever (chronic) ailment in which there is large amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood and the cells dispose of the insulin. Type II diabetes is the most widely recognized type of diabetes. 

Science shows that genetics plays an important role in obesity. Genes can directly cause obesity in disorders such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Prader- willi syndrome.The percentage of obesity that can be attributed to genetics varies widely, depending on the population examined, from 6% to 85%.At the risk of oversimplification, it seems that from a genetic standpoint, human obesity appears less a metabolic than a neurobehavioural disease.

Obesity in pregnancy can affect health later in life for both mother and child. Maternal obesity can cause negative outcomes for both women and fetuses and it also increases the risk of a number of pregnancy complications. Women who are overweight or obese are less likely to have a live birth following in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Obesity is alarming because both conditions increase the risk for a number of health problems, including chronic diseases, which can lead to reduced quality of life, premature death, and substantial medical care - and productivity-related costs. To prevent obesity and maintain a healthy body weight, eat a well-balanced diet and exercise regularly. 

Management of obesity includes lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery and the main treatment for obesity consists of dieting and physical exercise. Diet programs may produce weight loss over the short term period, but maintaining this weight loss is frequently difficult and often requires making exercise and a lower calorie diet a permanent part of an individual's lifestyle. 

A new definition and diagnostic strategy for obesity is required that it must be actionable, medically-meaningful, and adds value to the health-promoting effects of weight loss. A sensible target is to begin dynamic lifestyle changes by creating physical activity and eating sound sustenance. 

In adolescent medicine, research output should embrace intervention studies, the evidence-based demonstration of basic sciences and longer-term health outcomes. The social, psychological and economic costs of gaps in adolescent research are likely to be considerable.Lifestyle habits, if not addressed during adolescence, can become entrenched and, through parenting, transferred to the next generation. 

Obesity counselling is proven to be beneficial for those who are overweight. It provides support, guidance and encouragement to the individuals for overcoming the problem and improving their quality of life. Management of an obese patient includes lifestyle changes of increasing physical activity and reducing calorie intake.  Counselling also provides emotional strengthening to manage feelings like stress, and unhappiness without turning to food.

Anti-obesity drugs include all pharmacological treatments which reduce or control weight with minimal side effects. These drugs are intended to alter one of the fundamental processes of the human body and are medically prescribed only in cases of morbid obesity, where weight loss is life-saving. Anti-Obesity medication is implemented for people having body weight 20% more than their normal weight. 

In addition to health impacts, obesity leads to many problems including depression and mental health. Depression can both cause stress, which, in turn, may cause you to change your eating and activity habits. Real life stories demonstrate all these experience of an obese person. It is also the impact a health care provider can have on achieving successful weight-loss.