During the past 20 years, obesity among adults has risen significantly in the United States. The latest data from the National Centre for HealthStatistics show that a third of U.S. adults 20 years of age and older—over 100 million people—are obese. This increase is not limited to adults, but has also affected young people. Among youth, 18 present of children aged 6-11 years and 21 present of teens aged 12–19 years are considered obeseity.

· The identification of novel treatment targets.

· Understanding the molecular mechanisms that contribute to obesityand its complications in adults and children in differing ethnic groups.

Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, refers to a reduction of the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat or adipose tissue and/or lean mass, namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue. Weight loss can either occur unintentionally due to malnourishment or an underlying disease or arise from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceivedoverweight or obese state. "Unexplained" weight loss that is not caused by reduction in calorific intake or exercise is called cachexia and may be a symptom of a serious medical condition. Intentional weight loss is commonly referred to as slimming.

There are many different weight loss solutions out there. This includes all sorts of pills, drugs and natural supplements. These are claimed to help you lose weight, or at least make it easier to lose weight combined with other methods.

They tend to work via one or more of these mechanisms:

· Reduce appetite, making you feel more full so that you eat fewercalories.

· Reduce absorption of nutrients like fat, making you take in fewer calories.

· Increase fat burning, making you burn more calories.

Surgery should be considered as a treatment option for patients with a BMI of 40 kg/m² or  greater who instituted but failed an adequateexercise and diet program (with or without adjunctive drug therapy) and who present with obesity-related comorbid conditions, such ashypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus,hyperlipidaemia, and obstructive sleep apnea. A doctor–patient discussion of surgical options should include the long-term side effects, such as possible need for reoperation, gallbladder disease, and malabsorption."Patients should be referred to high-volume centers with surgeons experienced in bariatric surgery."

The goal of obesity treatment is to reach and stay at a healthy weight. You may need to work with a team of health professionals — including adietitian, behaviour counsellor or an obesity specialist — to help you understand and make changes in your eating and activity habits. The initial treatment goal is usually a modest weight loss — 3 to 5 present of your total weight. That means that if you weigh 200 pounds (91 kg) and are obese by BMI standards, you would need to lose only about 6 to 10 pounds (2.7 to 4.5 kg) for your health to begin to improve. However, the more weight you lose, the greater the benefits.

The usefulness of yoga and transcendental meditation in specific stress management technique for the people in different occupations with various psychologist and physical stress to improve the coping reserve of an individual to face stress and to prevent stress related disorders.

The optimal management of overweight and obesity requires a combination of diet, exercise, and behavioural modification. In addition, some patients eventually require pharmacologic therapy or bariatric surgery. The risk of overweight to the subject should be evaluated before beginning any treatment program. In patients with obesity, low-fat diets seem to result in a weight loss of 3–4 kg at 3 years, but long-term data are limited.

Being overweight or obese is a risk factor for several types of cancer.Although a higher weight may not necessarily cause cancer, maintaining a healthy weight is thought to be associated with a lower risk of manychronic diseases. Several studies have explored why being overweight or obese may increase cancer risk and growth.

likelihood does increase with age, and increasing numbers of young people have Obesity is also no longer a condition that just affects older people, although the been diagnosed with obesity. Diabetes is a group of disorders characterized by chronic high blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) due to the body's failure to produce any or enough insulin to regulate high glucose levels. 

The causes of obesity is complex. There are many interrelated factors, such as genetics, lifestyle and how your body uses energy. Learn more about the causes of obesity and risk factors. Obesity has a far-ranging negative effect on health. The health effects associated with obesity include, but are not limited to, the following:

High blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, Coronary artery disease, Joint problems, including osteoarthritis.

Childhood obesity is a complex health issue. It occurs when a child is well above the normal or healthy weight for his or her age and height. The main causes of excess weight in youth are similar to those in adults, including individual causes such as behaviour and genetics. Behaviours can include dietary patterns, physical activity, inactivity, medication use, and other exposures.

Endocrinology is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with theendocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known ashormones. It is also concerned with the integration of developmental events proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and the psychological or behavioural activities of metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sleep, digestion, respiration, excretion, mood and sensory perception caused by hormones.

Epidemiology is the study of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, and interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review).