26^th Global Obesity Meeting

In this session, we dive into the forefront of obesity research to explore the most recent developments and discoveries. As the field continues to evolve, staying updated on cutting-edge research is crucial. Renowned researchers and scholars will present their latest findings, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of obesity, its genetic and environmental influences, novel diagnostic tools, and emerging treatment modalities. 

The pivotal role of nutritional epidemiology in understanding the intricate relationship between diet, nutrition, and obesity. Nutritional epidemiology plays a vital role in identifying dietary patterns, nutrients, and their impact on obesity risk. Experts in epidemiology and nutrition will discuss methodologies for studying dietary behaviors, analyzing large datasets, and uncovering patterns that contribute to obesity prevalence. The session aims to bridge the gap between nutrition science and public health policy, ultimately guiding the development of evidence-based strategies for obesity prevention and management.

Diabetes is a chronic condition resulting from improper blood sugar regulation due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. It includes Type 1 (autoimmune, requires insulin) and Type 2 (often linked to obesity) diabetes. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy due to insufficient insulin production.

Nutrition plays a significant role in the development and management of obesity. Obesity is a complex condition characterized by excess body fat accumulation, often resulting from an imbalance between calorie intake and calorie expenditure. Poor dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle are major contributors to obesity.

Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of heart diseases. Excess body fat, especially around the abdomen, contributes to metabolic changes that increase the likelihood of conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. These factors collectively elevate the risk of atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits accumulate in arteries, restricting blood flow and potentially leading to heart attacks and strokes. Obesity also strains the heart, causing it to work harder to pump blood, which can result in heart enlargement and heart failure. 

• Coronary heart disease and heart failure
• Obesity Paradox
• Cardiovascular Impact Adipose Tissue

New Emerging Technology Trends: Endoscopic treatments for obesity have emerged as innovative approaches to help individuals manage their weight. These minimally invasive procedures utilize advanced technology to address obesity-related health issues. Here are some new and emerging trends in endoscopic treatment for obesity.

Obesity is often linked to poor dietary choices and the consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. Certain foods can contribute to obesity due to their high calorie, sugar, unhealthy fat, and refined carbohydrate content. These foods are often referred to as "junk" or "processed" foods. They include sugary snacks, fast food, sugary drinks, fried foods, and heavily processed items.

• Depression
• Anxiety
• Food environment
• Health disparities

Obesity in patients with COVID-19 refers to the condition of being significantly overweight or having excessive body fat in individuals who have also contracted the COVID-19 virus. Obesity is defined by having a high body mass index (BMI), which is calculated based on a person's weight and height. When individuals with obesity contract COVID-19, they may experience more severe and complicated outcomes compared to those with lower body weights.

Anti-obesity drugs, also known as weight loss medications, are medications that are prescribed to help individuals lose weight and manage obesity. These drugs work through various mechanisms to assist in weight reduction by either reducing appetite, decreasing absorption of nutrients, or affecting metabolism. It's important to note that these medications are typically prescribed as part of a comprehensive weight loss plan that includes a balanced diet, increased physical activity, and behavioral changes.

Genetics, contributing 40-70% to obesity risk, influence susceptibility alongside lifestyle factors like diet and activity. Specific genes affect metabolism, appetite, and fat storage. Rare mutations lead to severe early-onset obesity, while common variants collectively impact weight gain. Variations affect hormones like leptin and metabolism. Environmental changes, coupled with genes, drive obesity's rise. Precision medicine aims for personalized strategies, but lifestyle remains vital. Behavioral factors, like habits and stress management, interact with genetics. Although genetics are a part, lifestyle, environment, and health are equally important. Healthcare experts, including genetic counselors, guide holistic obesity management.

Childhood obesity is a concerning global health issue characterized by excess body weight in children and adolescents. It arises when energy intake from food and drinks exceeds energy expenditure through physical activity and growth. Contributing factors include unhealthy diets high in calories, sugars, and fats, coupled with reduced physical activity. Genetics, family habits, socioeconomic factors, and the obesogenic environment also play roles. Childhood obesity increases the risk of immediate health problems such as diabetes and cardiovascular issues, as well as long-term health risks like obesity in adulthood.

Childhood obesity prevention is vital for children's health, reducing future obesity-related risks. Strategies include balanced eating (fruits, veggies, lean proteins), portion control, physical activity promotion, limiting screen time, and setting family examples of healthy habits.

Nutrition refers to the process of obtaining and consuming nutrients from food to support growth, health, and well-being. It involves the intake of various nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water, which are essential for the body's proper functioning. Good nutrition is crucial for maintaining energy levels, supporting bodily functions, preventing chronic diseases, and promoting overall health. A balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, is key to meeting nutritional needs and maintaining optimal health throughout life.

Bariatric surgery, also known as weight loss surgery, is a medical procedure performed to help individuals with severe obesity lose weight and improve their health. It involves altering the digestive system to limit food intake, decrease nutrient absorption, or both.

• Gastric Bypass: This procedure creates a small stomach pouch and reroutes the digestive tract to bypass a portion of the small intestine. It restricts food intake and reduces nutrient absorption.
• Sleeve Gastrectomy: A portion of the stomach is removed, leaving a smaller "sleeve" that limits food intake and reduces hunger-inducing hormones.
• Gastric Banding: A band is placed around the upper part of the stomach to create a small pouch, which limits the amount of food that can be eaten.